Tooth sensitivity is a common dental problem that affects many people. It can cause discomfort or tooth pain, especially when consuming food or beverages that are hot, cold, sweet, or acidic. This condition can significantly impact one’s quality of life, making it difficult for them to enjoy their favourite treats. That is why understanding the underlying causes and symptoms of sensitive teeth is essential for effective management and prevention.
What is Tooth Sensitivity?
Tooth sensitivity, also known as dentin hypersensitivity, is characterised by a short, sharp pain in the teeth when exposed to certain stimuli. This pain occurs when the inner layer of the tooth, called dentin, becomes exposed, and the microscopic tubules within it allow heat, cold, acidic, or sweet substances to reach the nerve endings. The intensity of sensitive teeth can vary and may be temporary or chronic, depending on the underlying cause. Many people experience this condition at some point in their lives, making it a widespread concern in dental health.
Tooth Sensitivity Symptoms
The main symptom of tooth sensitivity is a sudden, sharp pain when the teeth are exposed to certain triggers. These triggers can include:
Hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks
Cold air
Brushing or flossing the teeth
Acidic foods and drinks
The pain is usually temporary and goes away once the trigger is removed. If you’re experiencing any symptoms, it’s important to see your dentist as soon as possible to identify the cause of your sensitive teeth. Early diagnosis allows you to get the right treatment and prevent the issue from worsening.
Tooth Sensitivity Causes
Tooth sensitivity occurs when the tooth structure is damaged, exposing the underlying soft tissue called dentin and tooth nerves to external stimuli. There are several common sensitive teeth causes:
Gum recession: This leaves the root surface exposed, with a thinner enamel layer. Aggressive brushing, periodontal diseases, or natural ageing can cause gum recession.
Tooth wear: Brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush can wear down the tooth enamel and expose the dentin. This is especially common near the gums.
Tooth erosion due to highly acidic foods and beverages: Acids can wear away the enamel, exposing the dentin. Regular consumption of acidic foods and drinks can contribute to this.
Tooth decay, worn fillings, and cracked teeth: These can expose the dentin and allow stimuli to reach the nerves. A cracked tooth exposes the dentin to external stimuli, irritating the tooth nerve and causing pain.
Grinding or clenching the teeth: This can wear down the enamel over time, known as bruxism. Teeth grinding can also lead to sensitive teeth by exposing the underlying dentin.
Dental procedures: Procedures like professional cleaning, crown replacement, and tooth whitening may also cause temporary sensitivity. Tooth bleaching can be a side effect, as some may experience this briefly during or after the treatment.
Periodontitis: Gum diseases, or periodontal diseases, can lead to tooth sensitivity by damaging the bone and supporting tissues, exposing tooth root surfaces, and causing pain.
Poor dental hygiene: Plaque and tartar buildup due to poor oral hygiene can cause gum recession and expose tooth roots to stimuli, resulting in sensitivity.
Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD): Acid reflux can also contribute to enamel erosion and dentin exposure, leading to tooth sensitivity.
Identifying the causes of sensitive teeth can help you take the right steps to prevent discomfort and protect your dental health. If you are experiencing persistent tooth sensitivity, it’s important to see your dentist to develop a personalised treatment plan.
How to Prevent Sensitive Teeth?
Preventing teeth from sensitivity and learning how to cure sensitive teeth involves adopting good oral hygiene practices and lifestyle adjustments. Here are some effective strategies for sensitive teeth:
Use a Soft-Bristled Toothbrush: Opt for a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle brushing techniques to minimise enamel wear and gum recession.
Practise Good Oral Hygiene: Brush your teeth at least twice daily using fluoride toothpaste and floss daily to remove plaque buildup and prevent gum disease. Regular dental check-ups are also essential.
Limit Acidic Foods and Beverages: Reduce your intake of acidic foods and drinks, such as citrus fruits, soda, and wine. If you do consume them, rinse your mouth with water afterwards.
Avoid Teeth Grinding: If you grind your teeth, consider using a mouthguard at night to protect your enamel and reduce sensitivity.
Choose Desensitising Toothpaste: Look for toothpaste specifically designed for sensitive teeth. These products contain compounds that help block the transmission of pain signals from the tooth surface to the nerve.
