Dry Mouth

Everyone has a dry mouth once in a while — especially when they feel nervous, upset or under stress.

But if you have a dry mouth all or most of the time, it can be uncomfortable and may lead to serious health problems.

• Can cause difficulties in tasting, chewing, swallowing and speaking
• Can increase your chance of developing dental cavities and other issues in the mouth
• Can be a sign of certain diseases and conditions
• Can be caused by certain medications or medical treatments

Dry mouth is not a normal part of ageing. So if you think you have dry mouth, see your dentist or physician — there are things you can do to get relief.

Dry mouth is the condition of not having enough saliva (or spit) to keep your mouth wet.

• A sticky, dry feeling in the mouth
• Trouble chewing, swallowing, tasting or speaking
• A burning feeling in the mouth
• A dry feeling in the throat
• Cracked lips
• A dry, rough tongue
• Mouth sores
• An infection in the mouth

• Saliva does more than keep the mouth wet. It helps digest food
• It protects teeth from cavities
• It prevents infection by controlling germs and fungi in the mouth
• It makes it possible for you to chew and swallow

Without enough saliva, you can develop tooth cavities or other infections in the mouth. Moreover, you may not get the nutrients you need if you cannot chew and swallow certain foods.

People get dry mouth when the glands in the mouth that make saliva are not working properly. Because of this, there might not be enough saliva to keep your mouth wet. There are several reasons why these glands (called salivary glands) might be affected:

• Side effects of some medicines — more than 400 medicines can cause the salivary glands to make less saliva. Medicines for high blood pressure and depression often cause dry mouth
• Disease — some conditions affect the salivary glands. Sjögren's Syndrome, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease can all cause dry mouth
• Radiation therapy — the salivary glands can be damaged if they are exposed to radiation during cancer treatment
• Chemotherapy — drugs used to treat cancer can make saliva thicker, causing the mouth to feel dry.
• Nerve damage — injury to the head or neck can damage the nerves that tell salivary glands to make saliva.

Dry mouth treatment will depend on what is causing the problem. If you think you have dry mouth, see your dentist or physician. He or she can try to determine what is causing your dry mouth.

• If your dry mouth is caused by medicine, your physician might change your medicine or adjust the dosage
• If your salivary glands are not working right, but can still produce some saliva, your physician or dentist might give you a medicine that helps the glands work better
• Your physician or dentist might suggest that you use artificial saliva to keep your mouth wet

• Sip water or sugarless drinks often
• Avoid drinks with caffeine, such as coffee, tea, and some sodas. Caffeine can dry out the mouth
• Sip water or a sugarless drink during meals. This will make chewing and swallowing easier. It may also improve the taste of food
• Chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard sweets to stimulate saliva flow; citrus, cinnamon or mint-flavoured sweets are good choices
• Don't use tobacco or drink alcohol. They dry out the mouth
• Note that spicy or salty foods may cause pain in a dry mouth
• Use a humidifier at night

Remember, if you have dry mouth, you need to be extra careful to keep your teeth healthy. Make sure you:

• Gently brush your teeth at least twice a day
• Floss your teeth every day
• Use toothpaste that contains fluoride. This is the case for most toothpastes sold at grocery stores and pharmacies
• Avoid sticky, sugary foods. If you do eat them, brush immediately afterwards
• Visit your dentist for a check-up at least twice a year. Your dentist might give you a special fluoride solution that you can rinse with to help keep your teeth healthy

Sjögren's Syndrome is a major cause of dry mouth. You can get information about dry mouth related to Sjögren's Syndrome from:

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
Building 10, Room 1N113
10 Center Drive MSC 1190
Bethesda, MD 20892-1190
Tel: 301-435-8528

Suite 530
8120 Woodmont Avenue
Bethesda, MD 20814
Tel: 301-718-0300 or
800-475-6473
http://www.sjogrens.org

National Oral Health Information Clearinghouse
1 NOHIC Way
Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3500
Tel: (301) 402-7364

National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
NIH Publication No. 99-3174