Mouth sores are common and can be painful, often making eating, drinking, and even talking uncomfortable. One of the most common types of mouth sores is canker sores. Canker mouth sores form inside the mouth and are not contagious. However, they can be caused by stress, minor injuries, or nutritional deficiencies, such as a vitamin deficiency.
Other types of mouth sores, like cold sores and oral thrush, happen because of infections or immune system issues. Some mouth sores may be linked to conditions like recurrent aphthous stomatitis or inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Keep reading to learn more about canker sores and mouth sores, their symptoms, causes of mouth sores, and how to treat and prevent them.
What Are Canker Sores?
Canker sores are small, painful ulcers that develop inside the mouth. They are a type of oral lesion that can appear on the tongue, inside the cheeks, lips, or at the base of the gums. Unlike cold sores, canker sores are not contagious and do not form on the outer lips. In the Philippines, they are commonly known as singaw and can cause discomfort while eating or speaking.
The exact causes of canker sores are not always clear. However, they can be triggered by stress, minor mouth injuries, acidic or spicy foods, and nutritional deficiencies. Some people may also experience canker sores in the mouth due to hormonal changes or a weakened immune system.
Symptoms of Canker Sores
A canker sore inside the mouth can cause discomfort and irritation. These sores often appear as small, round ulcers with a white or yellow center and a red border. While minor canker sores typically heal on their own within one to two weeks, major canker sores can last longer and be more painful. In some cases, herpetiform canker sores, which resemble clusters of small ulcers, may develop. Below are some of the most common symptoms of canker sores.
1. Painful Ulcers
The most common symptom of canker mouth sores is the presence of small, painful ulcers inside the mouth. They can develop on the tongue, inner cheeks, lips, or gums. Their presence could make everyday activities like chewing and brushing teeth uncomfortable.
2. Discomfort While Eating or Drinking
Spicy or acidic foods can irritate a canker sore inside the mouth, causing a burning or stinging sensation. Even mild foods and drinks may feel uncomfortable, especially when they come into direct contact with the sore.
3. Swelling Around the Sore
The area surrounding a canker sore may become slightly swollen or inflamed. This can make the sore more noticeable and add to the discomfort, especially when speaking or chewing.
4. Burning or Tingling Sensation
Many people experience a tingling or burning sensation before a canker sore fully develops. This early symptom may appear a day or two before the sore becomes visible. Recognizing this sensation early can help you take preventive measures, such as avoiding irritating foods.
5. Mild Fever or Fatigue
In some cases, canker sores may be accompanied by mild fever, fatigue, or a general feeling of being unwell. However, a high fever alongside mouth sores may indicate a viral infection that requires medical attention. If these symptoms persist or worsen, it is important to stay hydrated and consult a healthcare provider for medical advice.
6. Swollen Lymph Nodes
Severe canker sores may cause swelling in the lymph nodes. This particularly happens to those near the jaw or neck. As a result, you may feel the affected area tender and sore to the touch. However, swollen lymph nodes usually indicate that your immune system is actively fighting inflammation or an infection.
What Are Mouth Sores?
Mouth sores are painful lesions that develop on the tongue, cheeks, lips, or gums. They can be caused by minor injuries, irritation from braces, or allergic reactions to certain foods. Other causes of mouth sores include stress, hormonal changes, and nutritional deficiencies.
In some cases, frequent mouth sores may be linked to underlying health conditions like autoimmune diseases or infections. By identifying the causes of mouth ulcers, you can prevent future outbreaks and ensure proper treatment.
Common Types of Mouth Sores
There are different types of mouth sores, each with unique causes and symptoms. Some are temporary and heal on their own, while others may require medical attention, especially if they become frequent mouth sores or persist for a long time. Understanding the common types can help identify and manage them effectively.
1. Canker Sores (Aphthous Ulcers)
Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are small, shallow sores that form in the lining of the mouth. They often start as a white or yellow sore with a red border. While they are usually tiny, they can grow larger if not cared for properly. These sores commonly appear on the tongue, gums, roof of the mouth, inside the lips, or under the tongue.
2. Cold Sores (Fever Blisters)
Cold sores, also known as fever blisters, are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). These fluid-filled blisters typically appear around the lips but can also form inside the mouth. Unlike canker sores, cold sores are contagious and often recur due to triggers like stress, sun exposure, or a weakened immune system.
3. Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia appears as thick, white patches inside the mouth, commonly on the tongue, gums, or cheeks. It is often caused by chronic irritation from smoking, alcohol use, or rough dental surfaces. While most cases are harmless, some may indicate precancerous changes, making regular dental checkups essential.
4. Oral Thrush (Candidiasis)
Oral thrush is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida yeast in the mouth. It appears as creamy white patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, or throat. It is more common in babies, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems. It can cause discomfort, difficulty swallowing, and a cotton-like feeling in the mouth but is treatable with antifungal medication.
Causes of Canker Sores & Mouth Sores
Many factors can contribute to canker sore in mouth and other types of mouth sores. While some develop due to minor injuries, others may be linked to health conditions, diet, or infections. Understanding the causes of canker sores and the causes of mouth sores can help prevent them and reduce discomfort.
1. Oral Trauma
Accidental injuries, such as biting the inside of your cheek, using a toothbrush too aggressively, or wearing ill-fitting braces or dentures, can cause canker mouth sores. Hot or spicy foods can also irritate the delicate soft tissue inside the mouth, leading to sores.
2. Stress and Anxiety
High levels of stress and anxiety can weaken the immune system, making the body more prone to canker sores in the mouth. Many people notice that sores appear during stressful periods, such as exams, work deadlines, or personal conflicts.
3. Nutritional Deficiencies
A lack of essential vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin B12, iron, zinc, and folic acid, can be a cause of mouth sores. These nutrients are important for maintaining healthy oral tissues and preventing frequent sores.
4. Food Sensitivities
Certain foods, especially acidic, spicy, or salty items like citrus fruits, can trigger to form canker sore inside mouth in some people. Avoiding these irritants may help reduce the chances of developing sores.
5. Allergic Reactions
Some individuals experience canker mouth sores due to allergies or sensitivities to ingredients in toothpaste, mouthwash, or certain foods. Artificial additives, preservatives, or gluten may also contribute to mouth sores in sensitive individuals.
6. Bacterial Infections
Bacteria naturally exist in the mouth, but an overgrowth of harmful bacteria can lead to infections that cause mouth sores. Poor oral hygiene, gum disease, or conditions like strep throat can increase the risk of developing painful sores.
Treatment And Prevention For Canker Sores & Mouth Sores
If you are in search of the best canker mouth sore solutions to speed up healing and prevent future outbreaks, here is a list of them. From simple home remedies to medications, here is how to get rid of luas (mouth sores) to keep your mouth healthy.
Saltwater Rinse
A gargle for singaw with warm salt water is a natural way to ease pain and promote healing. Salt helps reduce inflammation and prevents infections, making it an effective canker mouth sore solution. Most people dissolve half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water to swish it around in their mouth and spit it out.
Over-the-Counter Medications
There are many medications for singaw available, including pain-relief gels and antiseptic mouthwashes. Betadine for singaw is another popular antiseptic solution used by many that is considered to prevent infection and speed up healing. Many people advocate using creams or products containing benzocaine or hydrogen peroxide to relieve pain and protect the sore. In severe cases, a healthcare professional may recommend stronger treatment options.
Nutritional Supplements
Deficiencies in vitamins like B12, zinc, and iron can lead to frequent mouth sores. Taking a daily multivitamin or consuming nutrient-rich foods can help strengthen the immune system and prevent recurring ulcers. Additionally, improving your diet with these nutrients can act as a natural remedy for singaw, promoting faster healing and reducing the chances of future outbreaks.
Antiseptic Ointments/Rinses
Using an ointment for singaw might help create a protective barrier over the sore and promote faster healing. Antiseptic mouth rinses containing chlorhexidine or hydrogen peroxide may also help keep the sore clean and reduce discomfort.
Avoid Irritating Foods
Acidic, spicy, and salty foods can make canker mouth sores worse. Avoid citrus fruits, tomatoes, and hot or crunchy snacks until the sore heals. Opt for soft foods like yogurt, mashed potatoes, or smoothies to prevent irritation. If you are looking for remedies for singaw, avoiding these irritating foods is an important step in promoting faster healing.
Stay Hydrated
Drinking plenty of water helps keep the mouth moist and prevents dryness, which can lead to frequent mouth sores. Staying hydrated also supports overall oral health and speeds up healing.
Eat a Balanced Diet
A well-balanced diet with essential vitamins and minerals can prevent nutritional deficiencies that contribute to canker mouth sores. If you are prone to sores, consider taking medication for singaw or increasing your intake of leafy greens, lean proteins, and dairy.
Maintain Good Oral Hygiene
Brushing twice a day, flossing, and using an alcohol-free mouthwash can help prevent canker mouth sores. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush can also reduce irritation and promote healing. Additionally, maintaining good oral hygiene lowers the risk of bacterial infections that can worsen mouth sores.
Manage Stress
Stress is a common trigger for canker mouth sores, so finding ways to relax can help prevent outbreaks. Regular exercise, meditation, and proper sleep can improve overall well-being and reduce stress-related sores. Practising deep breathing or engaging in hobbies can also help manage emotional stress effectively.
By understanding the risk factors and causes of mouth sores, you can take preventive measures to avoid them and maintain a healthy mouth.
When to See a Dental Professional
If canker mouth sores persist for more than two weeks, worsen over time, or are accompanied by high fever, swelling, or difficulty eating, it is best to see a healthcare provider. Over-the-counter treatments or a home remedy for luas may only provide temporary relief, professional evaluation is necessary to avoid complications. The dental professional may perform a swab or blood test to rule out underlying conditions like Behcet’s disease or celiac disease. Additionally, if you experience any side effects from medications, seeking medical advice is recommended for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Mouth sores, including canker mouth sores, can be painful and disruptive. But understanding their causes, symptoms, and treatments can help manage and prevent them. Simple remedies like saltwater rinses, maintaining good oral hygiene, and avoiding irritating foods may promote faster healing. However, persistent or severe sores may require medical attention to find out underlying conditions. By taking preventive measures and seeking timely treatment, you can keep your mouth healthy and free from discomfort.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are canker sores caused by stress?
Do canker sores mean weak immune system?
How long do mouth sores last?
What foods cause mouth sores?
While the exact cause of canker sores is not fully understood, stress is considered to be a common trigger. Increased stress levels may weaken the body’s defences, making the mouth more susceptible to irritation.
Not necessarily. While a weakened immune system can contribute to frequent canker sores, it may not always point to it. Other factors like stress and nutritional deficiencies can also cause them. However, if canker sores occur frequently or take longer to heal, it may be worth consulting a healthcare professional.
Most minor mouth sores, including canker sores, heal within one to two weeks. However, if a mouth sore persists for more than two weeks, worsens, or is accompanied by severe pain, fever, or swelling, seeking medical advice is recommended.
Certain foods might trigger or worsen mouth sores, especially if they are acidic, spicy, or rough in texture. Citrus fruits, tomatoes, and salty or spicy foods may irritate the mouth lining, making sores more painful. Carbonated and caffeinated drinks, as well as alcoholic beverages like beer, wine, and liquor, may also aggravate mouth sores and delay healing.
