What Causes Bad Breath?
The National Dental Centre Singapore (NDCS) highlights that bad breath can stem from various factors, including poor dental hygiene, dry mouth, certain foods, and smoking. Despite its prevalence, many individuals may not seek help for halitosis due to embarrassment or lack of awareness about the condition. Have you ever wondered what causes bad breath? Listed below are some common ones:
Dry mouth
Dry mouth, or xerostomia, occurs when saliva production decreases. Saliva plays a crucial role in cleansing the mouth and neutralising odours. Conditions such as certain medications, salivary gland issues, or simply breathing through the mouth can lead to dry mouth, resulting in an accumulation of bacteria and odour.
Tonsil stones
Tonsil stones, or tonsilloliths, are calcified deposits that form in the crevices of the tonsils. These stones can harbour bacteria and produce foul odours, contributing to bad breath. They often occur in individuals with chronic tonsillitis or those who have large tonsils.
Gum disease
Gum disease, often called gingivitis or periodontal disease, happens when plaque and bacteria build up around the gums, leading to inflammation and infection. Plaque is a sticky layer of bacteria that forms on teeth when proper brushing and flossing are neglected. As the condition worsens, spaces or “pockets” develop between the gums and teeth, trapping food and bacteria, which can cause bad breath.
Diabetes
Diabetes can lead to halitosis through several mechanisms. One notable condition is ketoacidosis, which occurs when the body breaks down fat for energy instead of glucose, producing ketones that emit a fruity odour. Additionally, poor blood sugar control can contribute to dry mouth and other oral health issues.
Cavities
Tooth decay creates an environment for bacteria to thrive, leading to bad breath. Cavities can trap food particles and bacteria, producing foul-smelling compounds as they break down. Addressing cavities through dental care is essential for managing halitosis.
Dental hygiene
Poor oral hygiene is one of the most common causes of halitosis. Inadequate brushing and flossing allow food particles to remain in the mouth, leading to bacterial growth and odour. Regular dental care is essential for removing plaque and preventing conditions that contribute to halitosis.