Three Surprising Causes of Sensitive Gums

Swelling and tenderness are often signs of gum disease, gingivitis or even periodontitis (advanced gum disease). When your gums become sensitive to hot and cold – or inflamed and sore after applying moderate pressure (when brushing your teeth, for example) – gingivitis is just one of the possible causes. It can also be difficult to tell the difference between a sensitive tooth and gum sensitivity. Here are some of the common symptoms of gum sensitivity:

• Swelling

• Redness or inflammation

• Bleeding gums

• Persistent bad breath

Gum disease caused by poor oral hygiene is often the cause of gum pain; however, there are other reasons you may be suffering from gum sensitivity that are less obvious. Below, you’ll find three surprising causes of gum sensitivity that you may not expect.

Gums can be sensitive to pressure, particularly if you suffer from gum disease or periodontitis, so brushing too hard or using an abrasive toothpaste can leave them feeling irritable. You don't need a hard-bristle toothbrush to get a great clean; rather, it's about technique. If you have bleeding gums when you brush, consider a soft-bristled toothbrush, which uses flexible bristles and polishing cups that allow you to focus on brushing more gently. Massage your gums in back-and-forth motions rather than brushing harshly to remove bacteria that may have already calcified into tartar (which needs dental assistance). And, if you do notice your toothpaste irritates your gums, consider one made specifically for sensitive mouths.

Believe it or not, changes in your hormones can also result in gum sensitivity. Gums can become more sensitive because of hormone fluctuations – such as those common during pregnancy – and these can change the way your body interacts with the bacteria you introduce to your mouth. This can result in gum disease and tooth decay, so it's important to see your dentist as scheduled during pregnancy and mention any changes in oral health.

Certain acidic foods and new oral appliances can leave your gums feeling sensitive and sore. Acidic foods can cause irritation and even visible sores on the tender tissue of the gumline. Canker sores and gum recession can be an unfortunate side effect of consuming things like citrus fruits, soft drinks and sugary snacks in excess. Try eliminating acidic foods from your diet, and see if your gum sensitivity improves over the next few days. The same goes for oral appliances: Braces, retainers, dentures and mouthguards can all irritate your gumline, leaving it extra tender by temporarily exposing the sensitive underlying tissue. In some cases, this gum sensitivity will go away as your mouth adapts to the appliance. If your gums continue to hurt, however, see your dentist or orthodontist to ensure the right fit and minimal sensitivity.

The way you treat gum sensitivity will depend on the underlying cause. Sometimes, a few simple changes to your oral routine and daily lifestyle will be enough to treat mild cases of gum pain. If the problem is more advanced, you should see your dentist as soon as possible.

• Improving your oral care routine can make a big difference in minor cases of sensitive teeth and gums. Brush your teeth twice a day and floss once a day to make sure you’re cleaning between your teeth properly. Use a soft-bristle toothbrush that’s less likely to irritate your gums. 

• Use a suitable toothpaste. The best toothpaste for sensitive teeth and gums is one specially designed to help with sensitivity or gum health. 

• If your gums are bleeding or inflamed, using an antiseptic mouthwash can help kill bacteria and help to strengthen your gums. 

• Make sure your diet includes a variety of fresh fruit and vegetables every day. This will make sure your body is getting plenty of vitamins and nutrients. 

• Drink water throughout the day to wash excess bacteria from your mouth and prevent conditions like dry mouth. 

• Stop smoking and vaping. 

• Try over-the-counter medications or take painkillers* to relieve gum pain.

If you’ve tried home remedies for sensitive gums and the discomfort persists or worsens after a week, make an appointment to see your dentist. You may have an underlying infection, gum disease or periodontitis. Your dentist can carry out a scale and polish to deep clean your teeth and remove bacteria from the gumline. If you wear braces or dentures that are causing gum pain, they may prescribe an over-the-counter anaesthetic gel to help. 

Here are some signs that it’s time to see your dentist about gum sensitivity:

• You have sensitivity or discomfort for longer than one week. 

• You consistently have bleeding gums when you brush or floss. Occasional bleeding is normal, especially if you haven’t flossed for a while; however, consistently bleeding gums are a sign of gingivitis. 

• You have swollen or red gums that are painful to touch. Your gums should be firm and a healthy pink colour. 

• You have receding gums that expose your tooth roots. This can cause sensitivity and can be a sign of periodontitis. 

• You have consistent bad breath. If you brush your teeth and still have a bad taste in your mouth, this can be a sign of infection.

Here are the answers to some commonly asked questions about gum pain and gum sensitivity:

*Always consult your doctor before taking any medication.