Enamel Erosion — How It Affects Your Teeth

Enamel erosion occurs when the enamel of the teeth is worn away or reduced by a chemical acid process. There are two types of enamel erosion:

1. Intrinsic erosion — caused by gastric acid and acid regurgitation due to medical or psychological issues (e.g., acid reflux, anorexia, bulimia, etc.).

2. Extrinsic erosion – occurs when dietary acids (e.g., sugar consumption, diet sodas, fruit drinks, carbonated drinks, etc.) contribute to challenge the mouth to be in a very acidic state.

When the enamel on the teeth wear down, it can cause several things to occur:

• Teeth may become further worn down
• Teeth become discolored because the enamel has worn away and the dentin is exposed; see dentin in yellow on the image below
• Tooth sensitivity can occur because the enamel is worn away both on the lip and tongue surfaces of the teeth and the dentin is a softer material than the enamel and is more sensitive to touch, air, biting forces and acid exposure
• The edge of the front teeth may look transparent

If you notice these types of changes in your mouth, please consult your dentist and schedule an appointment for a professional consultation to examine your teeth.

Once you have completed your appointment with the dentist, you may want to discuss what next steps need to occur in order to reduce dental erosion in the mouth:

1. Over what time span, have you been suffering from enamel erosion?

2. Identify the frequency of acid intake and how the acids are consumed.

3. Consult a nutritionist to assist in dietary assessment and reducing acid intake.

4. Determine if you suffer from gastric reflux, regurgitation or eating disorders.

5. Identify which teeth will need to be replaced by cosmetic restorations and/or bonding agents.

Dental erosion affects all age groups and appears to be related to dentin hypersensitivity. (2) Acidic foods and drinks need to be eliminated because they cause erosion of the teeth. A desensitizing toothpaste can also be used that has a low abrasivity for pain relief of. Sealants may be considered to be placed or bonding agents to reduce the progression of erosion. The application of fluoride will help to increase resistance of the acid dissolution rather than remineralizing the teeth. 
Consult your dentist to discuss options for treating enamel erosion and the type of esthetic treatments he/she would provide to you.

1. Information obtained on the U.S. Health and News Web site at http://health.usnews.com/usnews/health/healthday/080312/dental-erosion-on-rise-in-us_pr. 
2. Smith, BGN, Robb ND. The prevalence of toothwear in 1007 dental patients. J Oral Rehabil 1996, 23:232-239.