As you know, working with families in your community puts you in the position to answer a variety of questions regarding the oral health of children and families. Even though many of these questions and answers are already familiar to you, we've compiled this at-a-glance Q & A list to highlight the most commonly-asked ones. Additionally, the first two questions may be of particular interest to you, as they cover new scientific information from the field of oral health.
Can I transmit oral germs to my baby?
Yes. Cavity-causing germs can be transmitted through contact — like when baby puts hands in your mouth, and then in his/her own mouth. That’s why it’s so important to keep your own teeth and gums healthy. (Note: As an educator, you should be aware that in some cultures, it is common for mothers to pre-chew food for baby.)
In addition, research has shown that since a pregnant woman shares blood with her unborn baby, an infection of the mouth — such as periodontal (gum) disease — may contribute to preterm, low birth weight babies.
What is the relationship between oral health and (systemic) overall health?
Recent and ongoing studies have shown that there is a definite relationship between diseases of the oral cavity, especially periodontal infections, and systemic diseases. The effects of periodontal disease in the mouth are well known, but this new research indicates that it may also produce systemic effects — such as in increased risk of heart disease and diabetes — in the body. Families should discuss medical and dental conditions with both their dentist and their medical doctor.
Is breast-feeding better than bottle-feeding in preventing early childhood cavities?
Many experts recommend breast-feeding over bottle-feeding for the overall health of your child. However, breast-feeding can lead to Early Childhood Caries (Cavities) in the same way that bottle-feeding can. To prevent Early Childhood Caries if Breast Feeding: Avoid overnight feeding (e.g., if you take baby to bed with you and allow him/her to nurse at will). Milk can “pool” in the child’s mouth and cause acid to form continuously throughout the night. This acid leads to decay. Remove baby from the breast as soon as you are done feeding; do not let baby fall asleep on the breast after feeding. Wean baby from the breast by 12 months.
Is it okay if my child sucks his/her thumb?
Thumbsucking is normal for infants; most stop on their own by age 2. If your child sucks his/her thumb beyond age 2, try to discourage it by age 4. Thumbsucking beyond age 4 can lead to crooked, crowded teeth and/or bite problems.
Is it okay for my baby to use a pacifier?
Yes, but don’t dip it in sugar, honey or sweetened liquid. In addition: Try to have your child give up the pacifier by age 2. Keep in mind that while a pacifier and thumbsucking create no health difference for the child, a pacifier may be a better choice because it can be easier to wean a childfrom a pacifier than from thumbsucking.
When should I start cleaning my baby’s teeth?
Cleaning should begin when the first tooth erupts. Clean gums every day after breast or bottle-feeding and before bed. Use a soft, infant-sized toothbrush or a clean, damp cloth. When baby teeth begin to appear, start brushing them twice a day. Use a “smear” (very small amount) of fluoride toothpaste and a soft, infant-sized toothbrush.
What is the best way to brush a toddler’s teeth?
Use a small, soft-bristled brush. Use a circular or wiggling motion on all tooth surface, especially where the tooth meets the gumline. When fluoride toothpaste is introduced, use a pea-sized amount until 6 years of age.
When should I start using fluoride toothpaste for my child?
Once your child understands that he/she should spit out the toothpaste, even though it tastes good. Fluoride is safe and necessary to keep teeth strong, but only at appropriate levels. Younger toddlers tend to swallow toothpaste in excess amounts, and this may lead to fluorosis, which causes white spots on the teeth. And remember — even if your water is fluoridated, you still need to use fluoride toothpaste. Fluoride is necessary in both “topical” forms (like toothpaste and fluoride gel or varnish) and “ingested” forms (like water or fluoride supplements).
I use bottled water at home, and it’s not fluoridated. Is this okay?
If you use bottled water for drinking and cooking — or if your community water is not fluoridated — be sure to tell your doctor or dentist. They may prescribe fluoride supplements for the baby.