Gum disease is progressive and happens in two main stages:
Gingivitis. Gingivitis is the first stage of gum disease. It happens when plaque starts to build around the gum line, and the bacteria within the plaque cause irritation to the gum tissue. In some people, gingivitis has no symptoms. But in others, the gums can start to swell, turn red, or bleed when flossing or brushing. It’s essential to treat gingivitis before it gets worse.
Periodontitis. If not treated properly, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, or advanced gum disease. Periodontitis occurs when plaque spreads below the gum line, triggering inflammation of the bone and connective tissues that hold the teeth in place. The gums can recede, exposing the tooth root and creating pockets between the gums and teeth. You might notice that your teeth become sensitive and your gums appear to shrink away from your bottom or top teeth as a result. Your teeth may start to loosen as bone breaks down, and may eventually fall out.
It can be frightening to read about periodontal disease, but you’ll now better understand why dental hygiene is a vital part of your routine. Knowledge is the first step to making positive changes to your health!