Biofilm Formation: How To Protect Your Mouth From Harmful Bacteria

As an article published in High Throughput explains, there are three phases of biofilm formation:

• Planktonic Phase

  During this phase, the free-floating bacteria make initial contact with a surface, either randomly or by chemical attraction.

• Biofilm Phase

  In this stage, the bacteria come together into groups that attach to a nearby oral surface and form colonies. This leads to the development of complex biofilm communities.

• Dispersion Phase

  This is the most threatening phase, in which the disease-causing bacteria move to infect new areas.

According to a review published in the Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, the average person's mouth contains over 700 different species of bacteria. As long as your mouth is cleaned thoroughly and regularly, these bacteria won't harm your oral health. But when they are left undisturbed, dental diseases can develop. Some of the harmful bacteria found in biofilms include Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Actinomyces.

As the Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology review details, there are three main types of oral diseases that are caused by dental biofilms:

• Tooth Decay
  

  This common dental condition is caused by certain types of bacteria in biofilms that prefer acidic conditions. A diet that is high in sugar helps these bacteria form acids that weaken the enamel of teeth and produce cavities.

• Gingivitis

  This inflammatory response is caused by the accumulation of plaque around the gumline. When this happens, the gums may appear red and swollen.

• Periodontitis

  This destructive condition can develop if gingivitis is allowed to persist over time. Periodontal disease may lead to the gradual loss of the supporting bone that surrounds a tooth. This bone loss is irreversible and can result in eventual tooth loss.